Appendicolith: a stone in the appendix

Here’s the answer to the weekend’s image quiz 2. This gentleman presented with right lower quarter abdominal pain on lying flat, relieved by lifting his right leg up. Examination revealed localised tenderness (pain on pressure) at the right lower quadrant, which is a sign of some irritant in the abdominal cavity, usually due to appendicitis. This X-ray showed an opacity (something which blocks the transmission of X-rays) in the area of tenderness. Plus, urine examination showed blood in the urine.

In fact, the most common cause of an opacity in that region is a lower ureteric stone, that is, a stone in the urine tract between the kidney and the bladder. A CT scan was performed since there was a doubt regarding the location of the stone. The CT revealed: a stone in the appendix and a collection pus around it. So, the answer to the quiz is an appendicolith or faecolith in the appendix. It is made up of hardened faecal material which has collected over years and become stone-like. The presence of a faecolith in the appendix increases the risk of developing appendicitis. In this case, the appendix had become inflammed and progressed into an abscess (pus collected).

The X-ray again: a yellow circle shows the stone. The blue line marks the usual site of the ureter, although it can be variable and can appear just like this X-ray. So, “ureteric stone” scores half a mark.

CT scan: appendix abscess. Marked by the crossing measurement lines.

CT scan: appendix abscess. Yellow circles mark the right and left ureters.

Laparoscopic appendicectomy and wash-out of the abscess cavity was performed. The appendix was removed piecemeal from the abscess cavity. Fortunately, the stump of the appendix was found and securely tied.

The appendix was in 3 parts sitting in the abscess. It had been broken into pieces by the inflammatory process. Can you see the stone?

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scroll down (not a surprise)
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scroll a bit more… just to give you a chance to spot the stone before I show it.
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The stone is the white bit with an arrow pointing to it.

6 comments so far

  1. eve October 9, 2006 9:37 am

    errr….half mark nia?…but then i did mention appendicular mass oso..so another half mark..yippeeeeeeeeee..i got full marks liao….ah ma , ngor duck jor lar…sei oi meen….

    emm sai keng, lei oi A+ dou ngor horr yee pei lei keh. :-) Anyway you deserve full marks, becos you mentioned both the common sites, ureter and appendix. Although appendicular mass not quite right cos it’s usually not calcified.

  2. yenjai October 9, 2006 10:01 am

    haha. Ah eve, gum dou duk

    at least eve ventured something mah, yenjai. u din worr… hehe.

  3. nyonyapenang October 9, 2006 10:08 am

    i guess that gentleman must have the abdominal pain for quite sometime.

    It could happen within a few days…

  4. hoiling October 9, 2006 8:23 pm

    eh .. the inflammed appendix looks like char siew! :P

    Does it? Looks like an appendix to me. And smelled like one too. :-)

  5. Kenny Ng October 9, 2006 9:58 pm

    wah… the stone so big one ah?

    Appendix stone sizes don’t really matter. It’s whether the appendix gets inflammed because of it that matters. See here for more appendices. There’s one with a stone next to it.

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